Overview

Over the years as an outcome of the Right to Education Act 

(RTE), 2009, and our education policies, the composition of our 

classrooms has changed dramatically. As teachers and teacher 

educators you must have observed this learners’ diversity, 

which also must have made you realise that you cannot and 

should not teach all children in the same manner. The need to 

adopt teaching-learning practices, that provide challenging 

opportunities to all learners and let them experience success, 

stands out now more than ever before.

“if some children can’t learn the way we teach maybe we 

should teach the way they learn…..”

— Ignacio Estrada1

The purpose of this module is to help teachers and teacher 

educators like you, to relook at the diversity existing in the 

classrooms and consider the pedagogies that are most suitable 

to make teaching-learning inclusive. The suggestions given 

are gathered from research and experiences and would help 

you develop more inclusive learning environments to meet the 

different learning needs in the same class. The content also 

provides an opportunity to look closely at National Education 

Policies, the curriculum, syllabus, textbooks, the National

Curriculum Frameworks (in particular NCF-2005), and the 

recently developed Learning Outcomes (establishing linkage 

with curricular expectations and pedagogical processes).

Important Note: Teacher educators and key resources persons are 

expected to engage the participants during the training, in discussions 

while working in pairs and groups, brain storming and using other suitable 

forms of interaction and reflection. The ‘Discussion Points’ interspersed in 

the text can be used.

Learning Objectives

This module will help teachers:

• Describe the educational policies, the National 

Curriculum Frameworks development, functions and 

the linkages among intended, transacted and assessed 

curriculum

1 Ignacio Estrada, Director for Grants Administration at Gordon and Betty 

Moore Foundation; httpp://www.aids.org.

India is a multicultural 

society made up of 

numerous regional 

and local cultures. 

People’s religious beliefs, 

ways of life and their 

understanding of social 

relationships are quite 

distinct from one another. 

All the groups have 

equal rights to co-exist 

and flourish, and the 

education system needs 

to respond to the cultural 

pluralism inherent in our 

society.

— National Curriculum 

Framework (NCF) 2005